考勤管理
考勤管理
01 you are earlier than usual today.
你今天比平时要早。
常用单词
earlier ['?:l??] adj. 更早的
usual ['ju:?u?l] adj. 通常的，平常的
学学这样说
1. hi, good morning, you are so early today. 嗨，早上好，你今天这么早。
2. hey, jack, you are late! 嘿，杰克，你迟到了。
3. you're five minutes late. 你迟到了5分钟。
4. why late? 为何会晚呢？
应用对话
paul: you are earlier than usual today.
steven: yes, that's because there is no traffic jam today.
保罗：你今天比平时要早。
史蒂文：是啊，那是因为今天没有堵车。
02 traffic was good today, so i made it to the office earlier.
今天交通状况不错，所以我可以早点到公司。
解析 ▲ make it to后加地点，指“赶上，到达”，此外make it也可单独使用，此时指“达到预定目标，及时抵达，走完路程”。
学学这样说
1. my alarm clock didn't work this morning, so i am late.
今天早上闹钟坏了，所以我迟到了。
2. i arrived on time! 我准时到达了。
3. i was only late by five minutes. 我只迟到了5分钟。
4. it is very likely that i will be late this morning. 今天早上我迟到的可能性会很大。
补充短语
alarm clock 闹钟
03 there must be something wrong with the time clock, because i can't clock in.
打卡机一定出了什么问题，因为我上班打不上卡了。
解析 ▲ 该句中的两个clock具有不同的词性，第一个clock为名词，time clock指“出勤记录钟，打卡钟”；第二个clock为动词，与in搭配，指“打卡上班”。
学学这样说
1. did you punch in? （上班时）打卡了吗？
2. all staff clocked in before 8:00 this morning.
今天上午所有的员工都在8点之前打卡上班了。
3. what time did you punch in this morning? 你今天上午什么时候打卡上班的？
4. i remembered having punched the time clock. 我记得我已经打过卡了。
补充短语
punch in 打卡上班
04 you are not allowed to punch out ahead of time.
你不能提前打卡下班。
常用单词
punch [p?nt?] v. 用拳猛击，打标记
ahead [?'hed] adv. 领先地，在前面
学学这样说
1. did you punch out? （下班时）打卡了吗？
2. can i knock off half an hour early? 我可以提前半个小时下班吗？
3. shall i punch out for you, tom? 汤姆，要我帮你打下班卡吗？
4. i think it is time to call it a day. 我想该是下班的时间了。
补充短语
punch out 打卡下班
knock off 下班，击倒，中断
05 just a minute to log out.
给我一分钟的时间退出电脑系统。
解析 ▲ log out指“注销，退出系统”，与之相对的短语为log in，指“登录”，如：to log in, you need to enter the password（要想登录，得先输入密码）.
学学这样说
1. it's been a long day. 今天忙了一天了。
2. let's finish up. 就干到这儿吧。
3. i am about to call it a day. 我差不多要结束了。
4. i wish i could leave now. 我希望现在就可以走了。
5. let's go home! 我们回家吧。
补充短语
finish up 结束，告终
06 how long does it take you to reach the office every day?
你每天要花多长时间到公司？
解析 ▲ 此处reach为及物动词，意为“到达，抵达”，此外arrive in/at也能表达相同的意思，其中arrive in后往往接较大的地点，而arrive at后则常跟较小的地点。
学学这样说
1. how do you usually go to work? 你通常怎么去上班？
2. do you drive a car? 你开车吗？
3. it takes me about an hour to walk here. 走到这儿大概要花我一个小时。
4. that gives me no other option but to travel by motorcycle.
我别无选择，只能骑摩托车。
5. it is much cheaper to take the bus. 乘公交车便宜得多。
6. it will save much money, if you take public transportation.
如果你搭乘公共交通工具，可以省下很多钱。
7. it must be a long journey for you to reach the office.
你平时上班肯定要走很长的一段路程。
应用对话
paul: how long does it take you to reach the office every day?
steven: well, about an hour.
paul: wow, that's quite a long journey.
保罗：你每天要花多长时间到公司？
史蒂文：嗯，大约一个小时。
保罗：哇，很长的路程啊。
07 it's almost four-thirty.
现在快到4点半了。
语法tips
在英语中，时间有两种基本表达方法：1）直接表达，按“小时-分钟”的顺序写出，如8:40就可以表达为eight forty；2）间接表达，如分钟少于30分钟，用“分钟-past-小时”，如分钟超过30分钟，用“（60分钟——原来分钟）-to-小时”。
学学这样说
1. it's exactly six o'clock. 现在6点整。
2. it's half past eight. 现在8点半。
3. it's ten to ten. 现在9点50分。
4. the clock shows half past two. 时钟显示两点半。
应用对话
paul: what time is it now?
steven: it's almost four-thirty.
保罗：现在几点了？
史蒂文：现在快到4点半了。
08 i guess this clock needs a new battery.
我想这个钟该换一块新电池了。
解析 ▲ 该句中guess后为省略引导词that的宾语从句，但当that引导主语从句时则不可省略，如：that he is not even twenty surprises me.（他甚至没有到20岁着实让我吃惊。）
常用单词
clock [kl?k] n. 时钟，计时器
battery ['b?tr?] n. 电池，蓄电池
学学这样说
1. is your watch right? 你的表准吗？
2. this clock is fast. 这个钟走得快。
3. my watch is running fast. 我的手表快了。
4. the office clock was five minutes slow. 办公室的时钟慢了5分钟。
09 i'd like to take tomorrow off if it's all right with you.
我明天想请假，可以吗？
解析 ▲ take+时间+off指“请假，休假”，而take off的其他意思有“脱掉，起飞，突然成功”，如：take off your coat.（脱掉你的外套。）
学学这样说
1. do you mind if i take tomorrow off? 你介意我明天请假吗？
2. would it be possible for me to take the day off this thursday?
这个星期四，我是否可以休一天假？
3. i wonder if it is possible for me to come in a bit late tomorrow.
我明天上班可能要晚一些到，不知道行不行？
4. director, i want to ask for leave. 主任，我想请假。
5. i'm asking for a week's leave. 我准备请一周假。
6. i need to take a day off. 我得请一天假。
7. i have to tell you i won't be in today. 我不得不告诉你我今天不能来上班了。
8. i will submit it for your approval. 我会交给你签字批准。
应用对话
david: mr. emory, i'd like to take this afternoon off if it's all right with you.
mr. emory: but, you've called in sick three times during the last three weeks.
大卫：艾默利先生，我今天下午想请假，可以吗？
艾默利先生：但你这3周来已经请了3次病假了。
10 you need to provide medical certification if you want to take a paid sick day.
假如你想请带薪病假，你就要附上医生证明。
解析 ▲ paid在该句中特指“（休假时）带薪的”，因此paid sick day意思就是“带薪病假”。
学学这样说
1. could you ask for sick leave for me? 你能替我请病假吗？
2. i'll have to ask for sick leave today. 今天我得请病假了。
3. she asked for a sick leave of two days. 她请了两天病假。
4. did you file a medical leave certificate to your employer?
你有没有向老板呈交病假证明？
补充短语
sick leave 病假
11 i have a headache, so i'm calling in sick.
我头痛，所以就打电话来请病假了。
解析 ▲ call in sick意为“打电话请病假”，call in单独使用时，指“召来，顺路拜访”，如：
sometimes he will call in and have a cup of tea.（有时他会顺路到这，喝上一杯茶。）
学学这样说
1. i really need to see the doctor this afternoon because i feel dizzy.
我今天下午必须去看医生，因为我头晕。
2. my daughter is seriously ill, so i need to take care of her at home.
我女儿病得厉害，所以我要在家照顾她。
3. i got some family issues to deal with, so i need to take tomorrow off.
我家里有点事要处理，所以明天需要请个假。
4. i would like to have a week's leave to prepare for my wedding.
我打算请一周假来筹办婚事。
5. my friends will come to visit me from another city tomorrow morning, so i'd like to go to meet them. 我的朋友们明天早上从另外一个城市来看我，所以我要去接他们。
补充短语
deal with 处理，与……交易
12 take time off if necessary.
如果需要的话，就请假吧。
解析 ▲ necessary作为形容词，意为“必要的，必然的”，if necessary指“如有必要”，此外necessary还有名词词性，指“必需品”，如take the necessary with you before going for a hike（远足前随身带着必需品）。
学学这样说
1. you can take this afternoon off. 你今天下午可以休息。
2. when can you be back? 你什么时候能回来？
3. don't worry about your work. 别担心你的工作。
4. i can't give you the day off. 我没法给你批假。
补充短语
give the day off 批假
13 don't forget to bring a doctor's note tomorrow.
记着明天把医生开的证明拿来。
解析 ▲ note意为“证明书，笔记，便条”，而doctor's note指的是“医生的证明”。此外，note作动词讲时，指“注意，记录，指出”。
学学这样说
1. could you fill out the request form for taking the day off? 填一张请假申请单好吗？
2. fill in the form, and i will sign it. 填一下这张表，我给你签字。
3. submit the absence request, and you'll get paid. 交一份请假单，工资照发。
4. can you arrange everything on your hands? 你能把手头上的工作安排一下吗？
应用对话
steven: i'm sorry. but i really need to see the doctor this afternoon. i feel dizzy and i can't concentrate on my work.
mr. emory: all right, then. but don't forget to bring a doctor's note tomorrow.
史蒂文：对不起。但是我今天下午必须去看医生，我头晕，不能专心工作。
艾默利先生：好吧，但是记着明天把医生开的证明拿来。
14 i've been busy with work for a long time and need a vacation.
我忙了好长一段时间，需要休息一下。
解析 ▲ be busy with意为“忙于，从事”，此外，可以表达“忙于”的短语还有be occupied/ preoccupied with，be engaged in等。
常用单词
work [w?:k] n. 工作，职业，事业
随机测验
i have ______ my leave and i would like to plan my holidays for this year.
a. put out b. put off c. put on d. put into
翻译
我已经推迟假期了，我要安排一下今年的假期。
答案：b
提示：put off有“推迟，延期”之意，符合句意。put out表示“生产，出版，扑灭”。put on指“增加，穿上，上演”。put into指“使处于某种状态，把……译成，投入”。
15 i'm running out of time.
我现在时间紧迫。
解析 ▲ run out of意为“用完，耗尽”，类似的表达还有use up和exhaust，如：don't use up all the milk.（别把所有的牛奶用光。）/all the material resources have been exhausted.（所有的矿产资源已经用完。）
学学这样说
1. the deadline is coming up. 截止时间就要到了。
2. i don't have enough time to finish that job. 我来不及完成那项工作。
3. time is so limited. 时间十分有限。
4. i have a deadline to meet. 我必须遵守期限。
5. i'm under great pressue. 我承受了很大的压力。
补充短语
under great pressure 承受很大的压力
16 i don't even have time to catch my breath.
我连喘气的机会都没有。
常用单词
catch [k?t?] v. 赶上，抓住
breath [breθ] n. 呼吸，气息
学学这样说
1. what a week! 这个星期真忙！
2. i always have a lot to do. 我总有很多事情要做。
3. i always have my hands full. 我总是很忙。
4. i'm always tied up with my work. 我总是忙得不可开交。
补充短语
be tied up with 忙于
17 i just submitted a request for overtime.
我刚刚交了一份加班申请。
常用单词
submit [s?b'm?t] v. 提交，递交
request [r?'kwest] n. 请求，需要
学学这样说
1. i have to work overtime to finish the job. 我必须加班做完这项工作。
2. we are on overtime. 我们在加班。
3. i have to catch up. 我必须赶上。
4. i am going to work next sunday. 我下周日要加班。
5. i have to crack on with the work. 我必须抓紧时间尽快干完这项工作。
6. i have worked overtime for the entire week. 我一整周都在加班。
补充短语
catch up 赶上，达到
18 don't forget to write down your overtime hours on your time sheet.
别忘了在你的考勤单上写上你加班的时间。
解析 ▲ write down意为“写下，记下”，与write相关的词组还有write back（回信），write off（去函，勾销，忽视），write out（写出，写完）等等。
学学这样说
1. could you stay late? 你能晚点儿下班吗？
2. could you work overtime tonight? 你今晚能加班吗？
3. could you work during the weekend? 你周末能不能加个班？
4. i'll double the pay for overtime hours. 我会付给你双倍的加班费。
应用对话
steven: i know that the deadline is coming up. i will work overtime this weekend.
mr. wang: ok. don't forget to write down your overtime hours on your time sheet.
史蒂文：我知道截止日期快到了。我本周末会加班。
王先生：好的，别忘了在你的考勤单上写上你加班的时间。
19 whatever you do, don't work too hard.
无论你做什么，不要工作得那么辛苦。
语法tips
whatever与no matter what的区别：whatever既可引导让步状语从句（此时相当于no matter what），也可引导名词性从句；而no matter what只可引导让步状语从句。如whatever/no matter what he says, i don't believe it.（不管他说什么，我就是不信。）/ you should be responsible for whatever you said.（你应该对你所说的负责。）
学学这样说
1. you overwork these days. 你这段时间超负荷工作了。
2. don't work too hard. 别过度劳累。
3. pay attention to your health. 注意你的健康。
补充短语
pay attention to 注意
20 we're in dispute with the management about overtime rates.
我们正与管理层交涉加班费问题。
解析 ▲ in dispute意为“在争论中，在争议中”，而overtime rates指“加班费”，此外还可以用overtime payment/pay来表达“加班费”的意思。
学学这样说
1. i can get a four-day leave, for i worked overtime last weekend.
我可以休息4天，因为我上周末加班了。
2. we often work overtime at the end of the month. 我们月底经常加班。
21 could you take over my shift tomorrow?
你明天能替我值班吗？
解析 ▲ take over此处为“接替，接手”之意，此外该短语还有“接管（公司），（武力）占领”的意思，如take over the company/take over this city.
学学这样说
1. could you cover for me on thursday? 你星期四能帮我代班吗？
2. i would be glad to take your calls while you are away.
你不在时，我愿意替你接电话。
3. i'll take care of the business for you. 我会替你照料工作的。
4. i'll cover for you if you want to take a day off. 如果你想请一天假我可以替你的班。
应用对话
baker: could you cover for me on tuesday? i'm not coming back until wednesday.
steven: sure. what's up?
baker: we're going to the beach for weekend.
贝克：你星期二能帮我代班吗？我要到星期三才回来。
史蒂文：当然可以，有什么事情吗？
贝克：我们周末要到海边去玩。
22 mary is filling in during her absence.
她不在时玛丽会来接替她。
解析 ▲ 该句中fill in指“填补，代替”，fill in还可以指“填（写）”，如fill in the form，此时也可以说fill out the form。
学学这样说
1. julia will cover for me while i'm away. 我不在的时候，茱莉娅会帮我代班。
2. he substituted for his colleague who was ill. 他为生病的同事代班。
3. my colleague agreed to cover for me during my vacation.
我的同事答应在我休假的时候帮我代班。
4. i'll cover for tom while he's on holiday. 汤姆休假的时候，我会接替他的工作。
补充短语
substitute for 代替，替换on holiday 在度假
23 what should i do if i want to switch with my colleague?
如果我想和同事换班该怎么做呢？
常用单词
switch [sw?t?] v. 转换，抽打
colleague ['k?li:g] n. 同事，同僚
学学这样说
1. would you mind me switching with you? 你介意和我换一下班吗？
2. is it possible for you to do my duty next monday night if i take on your duty tomorrow? 如果我明天替你值班，那么下周一你能替我值夜班吗？
3. i think it should be ok if you could change your early morning shift to the evening shift. 如果你能把早班调到晚班，我想应该没问题。
4. he wanted to change his days off. 他想调休。
补充短语
change the day off 调休
24 i will arrange someone else to take over your job.
我会安排别人接替你的。
语法tips
else有形容词和副词两个词性，作形容词时，else常放在不定代词或疑问词之后作后置定语，如something else，what else等。
学学这样说
1. i switched with julia. 我和茱莉娅换班了。
2. we're supposed to do the 7 o'clock shift in the evening from next monday.
从下星期一开始，我们要上晚上7点的班。
3. i need to do the day shift. 我需要上白班。
4. which day do you want to change? 你想调哪一天？
补充短语
in the evening 在晚上
25 the company decided to delay rest days due to heavy business.
由于业务繁忙，公司决定调休。
解析 ▲ decide to do指“决定做某事”，相同意思的表达还有make a decision，因此该句还可以改为：the company made the decision to delay rest days due to heavy business.
学学这样说
1. why do you want to change your days off? 你为什么要调整休假日呢？
2. i'd like to change my day off from this sunday to next monday.
我想把我的休息日从这周日调到下周一。
3. i will ask you to change julia's day off from sunday to monday this week.
我要请你把茱莉娅这周的休息日从周日调到周一。
4. i'm working without overtime pay, so i can take some days off later.
我加班没有加班费，所以我可以在以后调休几天。
补充短语
overtime pay 加班费
26 when will i be arranged to go abroad for an inspection tour？
我出国考察的时间被安排到什么时候了？
常用单词
abroad [?'br?:d] adv. 在国外，到海外
inspection [?n'spek?n] n. 视察，检查
学学这样说
1. i need to arrange a five-day business trip to hong kong.
我需要抽出5天时间去香港出差。
2. i must go to beijing to attend a meeting. 我要去北京参加一个会议。
3. i have to go to paris on urgent business. 我有急事得去巴黎出差。
4. i flew to new york on business. 我飞往纽约出差。
补充短语
business trip 商务旅行，出差
27 you are scheduled to leave for a business trip next monday.
你被安排下周一出差。
解析 ▲ schedule作动词时，指“（在时间上）安排，计划”，而be scheduled to do意为“定于，被安排”。
常用单词
leave [li:v] v. 离开，出发，留下
trip [tr?p] n. 旅行
学学这样说
1. i've arranged for a three-day stay in london.
我为在伦敦为期3天的行程做了安排。
2. you are going on a business trip next week. 你下星期要去出差。
3. you will arrive at the airport on may 2nd. 您将在5月2号抵达机场。
4. on this trip you will visit several customers. 你这次外出得拜访一些客户。
5. the most important task on this trip is to get the order of that company.
这次出差的最主要任务就是争取那家公司的订单。
28 i want to take this opportunity of the business trip to pay a visit to the forbidden city.
我想利用这次出差的机会顺便参观一下紫禁城。
解析 ▲ take this opportunity to指“借此机会，把握机会”；短语pay a visit to指“去参观，拜访”，相当于动词visit。
常用单词
business ['b?zn?s] n. 商业，生意
forbidden [f?'b?dn] adj. 被禁止的，严禁的
学学这样说
1. how did your business trip go? 你出差的情况怎样？
2. was it your first business trip overseas? 这是你第一次到海外出差吗？
3. i wonder if it is possible to arrange a day for shopping.
我想知道有没有可能安排一天的时间来购物。
4. the schedule is too tight for this business trip. 这次出差行程安排得太紧了。
29 please remind me that i have to bring my passport and important documents.
请提醒我要记得带护照与重要公文。
常用单词
passport ['pɑ:sp?:t] n. 护照，通行证
document ['d?kj?m?nt] n. 文件，公文
学学这样说
1. would you please put all the documents i need for my trip in one folder?
请把我此行所需要的文件都放进一个文件夹，好吗？
2. i've booked the flight at the time you required. 我已按您要求的时间订好了航班。
3. i can't miss the train because i'm going to london on business.
我不能错过火车，因为我要去伦敦出差。
4. i need to practice my french before my business trip.
我出差之前需要练习一下法语。
5. before our business trip, we get some money from the finance department.
出差前，我们从财务部门预支了些钱。
补充短语
finance department 财务
30 we must account to our boss for every penny we spend when going on a business trip with him.
与老板一起出差时，我们得把花的每一分钱都向他交代清楚。
解析 ▲ account to意为“向（某人）报账，向……做出解释”，与account相关的常用搭配还有account for（说明原因、理由等，导致），on account of（由于，基于），on no account（绝不，切莫），take sth into account（充分考虑，将某事考虑进去）。
常用单词
boss [b?s] n. 老板，首领
学学这样说
1. last time when i went on a business trip with the boss, i didn't even have time to eat. 上次我和老板一起出差，甚至没时间吃饭。
2. you don't know how tight the schedule is for this business trip.
你不知道这次出差行程安排得有多紧张。
3. nothing is more stressful than going on a business trip with the general manager. 没有比和总经理一起出差更令人紧张的事了。
4. business trips are tiring to me. 对我来说出差很累。
5. business trips never leave much time for shopping.
因公出差从来不会有很多时间用于购物。
31 the company can no longer afford to have all the executives out on trips for days at the same time.
该公司无法再承担所有高管同时在外出差好几天。
解析 ▲ no longer意为“不再，已不”，相当于not any more，因此该句可换为：the company can not afford to have all the executives out on trips for days at the same time any more.
学学这样说
1. people who traveled on business were given traveling allowance.
出差的人都能拿到出差津贴。
2. when you send in your expense report, you also have to file a report about the aim of your trip. 申请报销时，你还得附上报告说明出差的目的。
3. reading between the lines of tom's business trip report, i can see a lot of problems. 从汤姆的出差报告中，我可以知道很多问题。
补充短语
traveling allowance 差旅费，出差津贴
file a report 提交报告
32 my wife is always very happy each time i come back from a business trip.
我每次出差回家，妻子总是十分高兴。
语法tips
英语中，引导时间状语从句，除了用when，before，while，since等从属连词外，还可以用each time，next time，the year，the moment等名词短语，如：the minute i saw it, i cound't help wanting to get it.（我一看到它，就忍不住想要得到它。）
学学这样说
1. i heard you were going on a business trip. 我听说你要出差了。
2. i heard that he was asked to write a report of his business trip.
我听说他被要求写出差报告。
3. i like to take an occasional business trip. 我喜欢偶尔出差。
4. i always get some presents for colleagues when i come back from a business trip. 我出差回来总要给同事们带些礼物。
补充短语
take a business trip 出差
come back 回来，记起
